导出博客文章MOSCOW -- Even as he worked to cover up doping by Russian athletes, Grigory
Rodchenkov was developing technology which would help to catch them years
later.The former head of the Moscow anti-doping laboratory is the star witness
for the World Anti-Doping Agency investigator Richard McLaren, whose report
Friday accused Russia of operating a state-backed doping program which covered
up more than 1,000 tainted drug test samples, including for medalists at the
2014 Winter Olympics.However, Rodchenkovs role in helping catch drug cheats isnt
widely known outside a small circle of the worlds leading anti-doping
scientists.Methods devised by Rodchenkov and his former assistant at the lab,
Timofei Sobolevsky, to detect two common steroids have become a crucial weapon
for drug testers in a wave of retesting carried out this year by the
International Olympic Committee, though some dispute the Russians work.So far,
62 athletes -- almost half of them Russians -- have been disqualified from the
2008 and 2012 Olympics in IOC retests after testing positive for turinabol, a
banned substance which Rodchenkov helped make much easier for labs to find in
samples.There are also six cases involving oxandrolone, another steroid on which
Rodchenkov carried out research, though all but one of those also tested
positive for turinabol, a black-market steroid developed in the old East Germany
which bulks up muscle and has plagued global sport for decades.Even if they are
old and quite well known substances, there is continuous research on the
metabolic behavior of these substances, said Tiia Kuuranne, head of the
laboratory in Lausanne, Switzerland, which handles retests for the International
Olympic Committee.These advances are the ones that lead to these kinds of
breakthroughs or leaps in doping control.Those who tested positive for turinabol
in IOC retesting competed for 10 different countries, mostly in the former
Soviet Union, and range from Kazakhstans Ilya Ilyin, who used his
record-breaking weightlifting career to build a following of 400,000 on
Instagram, to a Belarusian runner and a Russian wrestler. Many of them deny
doping, including Ilyin.The key advance was the discovery of new turinabol
metabolites, the chemical traces left when complex steroids break down in the
human body. Turinabol produces a wide range of metabolites, some of them quickly
flushed out of a doped athletes system, others which can linger for much
longer.If the steroid can be detected for longer, drug testers can catch dopers
who ended their steroid use a few weeks before a major event like the Olympics,
expecting they could never be caught.Its very non-sexy science to find these
metabolites, but its really cool what it can do, so many dopers. Its just
amazing, says Marcus Ericsson, director of a WADA-accredited lab in
Sweden.Research conducted in 2011 by Rodchenkov and Sobolevsky found six new
metabolites. One referred to as M3 in their research proved to be the key,
raising the detection window from a few days of last use to as much as seven
weeks, Rodchenkov and Sobolevsky estimated.Rodchenkov and Sobolevsky had
excellent scientific knowledge on methods, on steroid metabolism, really
excellent, says Peter Van Eenoo, who runs a drug testing laboratory in Belgium
and frequently met both men at conferences.Grigory, I need to say, also had
knowledge which was better than most other lab directors, if not all lab
directors, on usage, how people were using, the doses they were using ... It did
make some people wonder how he knew about this.Turinabol, also known as
dehydrochlormethyltestosterone, has not been manufactured for legitimate medical
purposes for years but is widely sold on the black market without proper quality
control. In many countries, that means its difficult to conduct scientific
studies using volunteers without breaking medical ethics rules, so its hard to
tell exactly how long it stays in the human body.The drug has also been linked
to health problems by East German athletes forced to take it during the Cold
War.Before the 2012 London Olympics, McLaren alleges Rodchenkov helped Russian
authorities with secret testing of his own before their departure to ensure
doped athletes would test clean later. His new discovery about turinabol was
published too late to use in testing at the games, but was pioneered by a
laboratory in Germany soon after. The new technology began to catch dozens of
athletes, though not from the Olympics, because those samples had already been
processed.However, Rodchenkov was playing a more complex game. According to his
testimony, he had been doping Russian athletes with turinabol but now, as
McLaren writes, while appearing to be at the forefront of the development of
doping detection science, he was secretly developing a cocktail of drugs with a
very short detection window.Rodchenkov testified earlier this year that
turinabol was replaced in the new Duchess cocktail with trenbolone, a steroid
usually used for muscle growth in farm animals. There is still no new test for
trenbolone using long-term metabolites, and there have been no positive cases
for it in more than 100 IOC retest cases from 2008 or 2012.Rodchenkov hasnt
explained his motivations for publishing his research into turinabol, but Van
Eenoo, the director of the Belgian lab, suspects an attempt to catch out Russias
rivals. Many Russians have been caught but other ex-Soviet countries like
Belarus and Kazakhstan have seen their Olympic weightlifting programs almost
wiped out by turinabol retests.If youre really clever, youd only do this once
youve got something else and you want to hit the competition, Van Eenoo
said.Rodchenkovs double life and his lurid testimony of steroids dissolved in
whiskey and samples swapped in the middle of the night have led some to doubt
the credibility of his turinabol research.They cant be described as those
turinabol metabolites using this method, says sports lawyer Artyom Patsev, who
represents some Russians who failed IOC retests. What could they be? Maybe
theyre metabolites of a different steroid. Maybe theyre metabolites of orange
juice.Of several lab directors consulted by the AP, some privately expressed
reservations about how the original research may have been conducted in the
tainted Moscow lab, but all said its findings had been upheld by subsequent work
elsewhere. The metabolite in question, they said, could only come from turinabol
or designer steroids based on turinabol but so close to the original they would
also come under the same ban. WADA says its a validated method.Rodchenkov left
Russia for the U.S. before going public with his revelations. The Russian states
position toward him varies. Some officials have attacked his mental health or
claimed he is being paid to lie, while others, particularly in law enforcement,
have painted him as the ringleader in a conspiracy to force athletes to dope.In
Switzerland, Rodchenkovs public research and his illicit practices have combined
to produce the busiest year of Olympic drug retesting ever. More is to come
after the IOC said Friday every Russian sample from 2012 would be examined
again.It has been an interesting period, Lausanne lab director Kuuranne said
last week of her ever-changing job handling the IOCs retests. This, I think, is
the spice of any kind of forensic analysis. Its quite a dynamic field.
Stan Smith Solde Pas Cher . --
Adam Snyder returned to the San Francisco 49ers this season because the
offensive lineman thought it was his best opportunity to win a championship.
Stan Smith Pas Cher France . -- Ryan
Blaney provided more evidence that Penske Racings No.
http://www.stansmithfrance.fr/ .
Blackwood, 28, has played the last three seasons in the San Diego Padres system,
including the past two summers with Class AA San Antonio of the Texas League.
Basket Stan Smith Pas Cher . The
lawyers filed a 33-page amended complaint Tuesday in federal court in Manhattan,
expanding on the suit originally filed Oct. 3 in New York Supreme Court.
Arbitrator Fredric Horowitz last week refused to compel Selig to testify in the
grievance, and Rodriguez then walked out of the hearing without testifying.
Stan Smith Destockage . At a news
conference Tuesday where it was thought that the fiery Schallibaum may be shown
the door after a dismal finish to the Major League Soccer season, team president
Joey Saputo said no decision has been made on whether the Swiss Volcano will be
back in 2014. CINCINNATI -- Thursday games are not a large part of Tom Hermans
experience, but the Houston coach is quickly playing catchup.His undefeated and
sixth-ranked Cougars are scheduled to play the first of this seasons four
non-Saturday night games this week when they travel to Cincinnati to face the
Bearcats in the American Athletic Conference opener for both teams.Its not a bad
thing on the back end, said Herman, whose team played one Thursday game last
season -- his first in a long time, he said. You like it when you can take a
deep breath on Friday and Saturday and let your kids heal and relax a little
bit, but to go from our offense playing 97 snaps against Lamar and then turn it
around on Sunday and for all intents and purposes have a Tuesday practice in
terms of preparing for a game week -- I understand why they do it. The ratings
are off the charts when you play these Thursday night games, and were in the
entertainment business, but we play four of these. We have three Thursday night
games and Friday night game, so in a 12-game schedule, a third of our games are
not on a Saturday. That takes its toll on players bodies. Were playing four
games in 20 days. You do the match. Thats a lot of pounding on a young mans body
in a short amount of time.Houston (2-0) is coming off a 42-0 win over Lamar that
was delayed 3 ? hours by lightning and torrential rain that was beneficial from
the aspect that quarterback and Heisman Trophy-candidate Greg Ward Jr. was able
to use the down time to get extra treatment on his banged-up shoulder. He ended
up not playing against Lamar.He was out in pads (Sunday) night and practiced,
Herman said on Monday during his weekly media session. Hes still sore, but the
soreness is all muscular, so were doing everything we can, from massages to dry
needling, to make sure that the muscles that surround the shoulder are ready to
go.Cincinnati coach Tommy Tuberville is -- and isnt -- looking forward to seeing
Ward.We saw him play quarterback for the first time four years ago, so weve seen
him every year, Tuberville said Monday on the AAC weekly coaches
teleconference.dddddddddddd. He makes plays. Obviously, were going to have to
play much better than we have been playing to contain a quarterback like Greg
Ward.The Bearcats are scheduled to play three non-Saturday games, including the
last two Fridays of the regular season. They are coming off a 38-20 win at
Purdue -- the first for the program at a Big Ten site in 59 years -- in which
they build up a 31-7 lead and fought off a Boilermaker comeback that cut the
lead to 31-21 halfway through the fourth quarter. Cincinnati (2-0) had five
interceptions in the game, three by senior safety Mike Tyson.Houston, the first
top 10 team to visit 40,000-seat Nippert Stadium since then-fifth-ranked West
Virginia played there on Nov. 17, 2007, holds a 14-10 advantage in the all-time
series against Cincinnati, but the Bearcats have won four of the last five
games. The Cougars prevailed, 33-30, last season -- a typically close outcome.
The last three games between the two teams have been decided by a combined 18
points.As good as they were last year, theyve improved on both sides of the
ball, said Herman, for whom the trip will be somewhat of a homecoming, since hes
a Cincinnati native who still has family in the area. Their defensive line and
their defensive tackles seem to be in a lot better shape. Theyre moving around
better. Their two safeties are really good players hat make a ton of tackles for
them. They seem to be a little more sound in what theyre doing. Theyre in the
right places at the right time on defense.On offense, the quarterback (sophomore
Hayden Moore) is playing at an extremely high level. Hes a really good player
behind a massive offensive line. Theyre running the ball a little bit better
than they have in years past. It will be a challenge.
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